Chansons 😄Pour la Bonne Humeur

Chansons

😄 Pour la Bonne Humeur 😀
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Earth 🌎 Layer by Layer

Explainer: 

🌍  Earth  🌎

Layer by Layer

Sizzling heat, unimaginable pressure and some surprise diamonds: 

It’s all there, deep beneath us

By Beth Geiger   - November 11, 2019

Scientists understand much about Earth’s structural layers — the inner core, core, mantle and crust. Yet there are still great mysteries to solve about our planet’s inner workings.

Mountain ranges tower to the sky. Oceans plummet to impossible depths. Earth’s surface is an amazing place to behold. Yet even the deepest canyon is but a tiny scratch on the planet. To really understand Earth, you need to travel 6,400 kilometers (3,977 miles) beneath our feet.

Starting at the center, Earth is composed of four distinct layers. They are, from deepest to shallowest, the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust. Except for the crust, no one has ever explored these layers in person. In fact, the deepest humans have ever drilled is just over 12 kilometers (7.6 miles). And even that took 20 years!

Still, scientists know a great deal about Earth’s inner structure. They’ve plumbed it by studying how earthquake waves travel through the planet. The speed and behavior of these waves change as they encounter layers of different densities. Scientists —  including Isaac Newton, three centuries ago — have also learned about the core and mantle from calculations of Earth’s total density, gravitational pull and magnetic field.

Here’s a primer on Earth’s layers, starting with a journey to the center of the planet.

  

A cut-away of Earth’s layers reveals how thin the crust is when compared to the lower layers.USGS 

The inner core

This solid metal ball has a radius of 1,220 kilometers (758 miles), or about three-quarters that of the moon. It’s located some 6,400 to 5,180 kilometers (4,000 to 3,220 miles) beneath Earth’s surface. Extremely dense, it’s made mostly of iron and nickel. The inner core spins a bit faster than the rest of the planet. It’s also intensely hot: Temperatures sizzle at 5,400° Celsius (9,800° Fahrenheit). That’s almost as hot as the surface of the sun. Pressures here are immense: well over 3 million times greater than on Earth’s surface. Some research suggests there may also be an inner, inner core. It would likely consist almost entirely of iron.

 

The outer core

This part of the core is also made from iron and nickel, just in liquid form. It sits some 5,180 to 2,880 kilometers (3,220 to 1,790 miles) below the surface. Heated largely by the radioactive decay of the elements uranium and thorium, this liquid churns in huge, turbulent currents. That motion generates electrical currents. They, in turn, generate Earth’s magnetic field. For reasons somehow related to the outer core, Earth’s magnetic field reverses about every 200,000 to 300,000 years. Scientists are still working to understand how that happens.

 

The mantle

At close to 3,000 kilometers (1,865 miles) thick, this is Earth’s thickest layer. It starts a mere 30 kilometers (18.6 miles) beneath the surface. Made mostly of iron, magnesium and silicon, it is dense, hot and semi-solid (think caramel candy). Like the layer below it, this one also circulates. It just does so far more slowly.

 

Explainer: How heat moves

Near its upper edges, somewhere between about 100 and 200 kilometers (62 to 124 miles) underground, the mantle’s temperature reaches the melting point of rock. Indeed, it forms a layer of partially melted rock known as the asthenosphere (As-THEEN-oh-sfeer). Geologists believe this weak, hot, slippery part of the mantle is what Earth’s tectonic plates ride upon and slide across.

Diamonds are tiny pieces of the mantle we can actually touch. Most form at depths above 200 kilometers (124 miles). But rare “super-deep” diamonds may have formed as far down as 700 kilometers (435 miles) below the surface. These crystals are then brought to the surface in volcanic rock known as kimberlite.

The mantle’s outermost zone is relatively cool and rigid. It behaves more like the crust above it. Together, this uppermost part of the mantle layer and the crust are known as the lithosphere.

The thickest part of Earth’s crust is about 70 kilometers (43 miles) thick and lies under the Himalayan Mountains, seen here.den-belitsky/iStock/Getty Images Plus

The crust

Earth’s crust is like the shell of a hard-boiled egg. It is extremely thin, cold and brittle compared to what lies below it. The crust is made of relatively light elements, especially silica, aluminum and oxygen. It’s also highly variable in its thickness. Under the oceans (and Hawaiian Islands), it may be as little as 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) thick. Beneath the continents, the crust may be 30 to 70 kilometers (18.6 to 43.5 miles) thick.

Along with the upper zone of the mantle, the crust is broken into big pieces, like a gigantic jigsaw puzzle. These are known as tectonic plates. These move slowly — at just 3 to 5 centimeters (1.2 to 2 inches) per year. What drives the motion of tectonic plates is still not fully understood. It may be related to heat-driven convection currents in the mantle below. Some scientists think it’s caused by the tug from slabs of crust of different densities, something called “slab pull.” In time, these plates will converge, pull apart or slide past each other. Those actions cause most earthquakes and volcanoes. It’s a slow ride, but it makes for exciting times here on Earth’s surface.

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L' Opéra 🎼 Imaginaire 🥰

L' Opéra Imaginaire

*

1    Verdi - Traviata - Noi Siamo Zingarelle

2    Puccini - Madame Butterfly

3     Verdi - Rigoletto - Donna E Mobile

4    Bizet - Carmen

5    Gounod - Faust - Le Veau D'or

6    Bizet - Les Pecheurs De Perles

7    Delibes – Lakmé - Flower Duet

8    Mozart - Die Zauberflöte

9    Mozart - Nozze Di Figaro - Voi Che Sapete

10    Puccini - Tosca - E Lucevan Le Stelle

11    Verdi - Traviata - Choeur Bohemiens

12       Verdi - Traviata - Le Trouvère

13    Verdi - Traviata - Choeur Des Bohemiens

L' Opéra Imaginaire  

If Mother Nature 🌼Could Speak...

🌻  If Mother Nature Could Speak  🌹

What Would She Tells You?

Listen to this video from Conservation International, uploaded on October 5, 2014 on YouTube. The narrator is Julia Roberts. 

🌿 Here it is:   👇    📺    👇 🌱

“Some Call me Nature.

Others Call me Mother Nature”

I’ve been here for over four and a half billion years
Twenty-two thousand five hundred times longer than you
I don’t really need people but people need me
Yes, your future depends on me
When I thrive, you thrive
When I falter, you falter or worse (?)
But I’ve been here for aeons
I have fed species greater than you, and
I have starved species greater than you
My oceans, my soil, my flowing streams, my forests,
They all can take you or leave you
How you chose to live each day whether you regard or
disregard me doesn’t really matter to me
One way or the other your actions will determine your fate not mine
I am nature
I will go on
I am prepared to evolve
Are you?”

If Mother Nature Can Speak, What Will She Tells You?
“Nature is Speaking”

Hollywood A-list 'speaks out for nature'
Julia Roberts, Harrison Ford, Kevin Spacey, Edward Norton and Penélope Cruz star in films that warn people need nature, but nature doesn’t need people

Larger🌎Version 

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Highest-Resolution🌎Image 🌏of Earth 🌍

The Highest-Resolution Image

of Earth

Ever Made +Video

Unlike NASA's Blue Marble - Which is a composite made from many different photographs - this is a portrait of Earth taken in one single shot. 

It's the highest resolution image of our home planet, 121 megapixels. That's an amazing 0.62 miles per pixel.

It was taken by Russia’s latest weather satellite, the Electro-L, which is orbiting Earth on a geostationary orbit 36,000 kilometers above the equator, sending photographs of the entire planet every 30 minutes.

The image combines four light wavelengths, three visible and one infrared. The three reflected sunlight bands can simulate a conventional red-green-blue color picture. The near infrared channel (orange in the image) is a vegetation indicator, since plants reflect near-ir as well as green.

NASA's Blue Marble

A composite made from many different photographs

http://gizmodo.com/5787176/this-is-the-moon-and-the-earth-like-you-have-never-seen-them-before

Published on Apr 20, 2012

A timelapse of Planet Earth from Electro-L, a geostationary satellite orbiting 40000km above the Earth. The satellite creates a 121 megapixel image every 30 minutes with four visible and infrared light wavelengths. The infrared light appears orange in these images, and shows vegetation. The images were obtained beginning on May 14th, 2011 and end on May 20th. The images are the largest whole disk images of our planet, the resolution is 1 kilometer per pixel. The images are "masked" by a circular barrier that blocks out the light of the Sun and other stars. This is to prevent damage to the camera by exposure to direct sunlight. The images have been interpolated (blended) to create a smooth animation.

 Planet Earth's Northern Hemisphere

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Music 🙏 Spiritual 🕊️✔️

🕊️  Music 🙏 Spiritual  🕊️

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#	Videos 🕊️	Time
1	Ave Maria Michael Lorenc - Olga Szyrowa	7:37
2	Pie Jesu	3:53
3	Aida Garifullina - Ave Maria (Schubert)	4:56
4	Verdi - Choeur des Esclaves - Nana Mouskouri - Je chante avec toi liberté	3:51
5	Jessye Norman  Beim Schlafengehen	6:06
6	Ave Maria - Schubert (Extended) - 10 HOURS	10:18:28
7	HAUSER - Pie Jesu	3:48
8	2 CELLOS - Gabriel's Oboe (The Mission)	4:19
9	Voytek Soko - "Ave Maria" M.Lorenc	3:12
10	Nana Mouskouri Je chante avec toi liberté	4:05
11	Strauss: 4 letzte Lieder / Nylund · Noseda	3:04
12	André Rieu & Mirusia - Ave Maria	5:28
13	The Most Beautiful Ave Maria I've ever heard (English)	3:12
14	Jessye Norman - Strauss - Beim Schlafengehen	6:11
15	Olga Szyrowa - Ave Maria 【HD】	3:12
16	Francis Poulenc - Ave Verum Corpus (women's choir)	2:20
17	The Most Beautiful "Ave Maria" I've ever heard ✝Eternal love story	17:43

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https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLiyWaRqW7RXygxtLchM5ODe4r_3eqbkn6

                

La Traviata 🌸 by Giuseppe Verdi 💖

💖 La Traviata 🌸

Giuseppe Verdi 

 Pacific Northwest Opera

La Traviata (The Fallen Woman), is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. 

It is based on La Dame aux Camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils adapted from his own 1848 novel.  

It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice. 

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This performance of Verdi's La Traviata was by the Pacific Northwest Opera company in November, 2021 at the McIntyre Hall in Mt. Vernon, Washington. 

Mitchell Kahn:         Producer & Stage Director
Steven Crawford:    Conductor

 

The Cast:
Violetta Valery:       Jennifer Bromagen
Alfredo Germont:   Aaron McInnis
Georgio Germont:   Hunter Enoch
Flora Bervoix:         Katie Stevenson
Annina:                   Stacy Mastrian
Gastone de L:         Andrew Etherington
Barone Douphol:   Boyd Schlaefer
Marchese d'Obigny:    Nathaniel Voth
Dottore Grenvil:    Ron Wohl
Giuseppe:               Brian Myrick

• 00:00 Title 
• 00:43 Act 1 
• 09:42 Libiamo, ne lieti calici 
• 15:29 Un di felice, eterea 
• 22:13 E strano!  Ah, fors'e lui che l'anima 
• 26:27 Follie! follie! - Sempre libera 
• 31:33 Act 2 Scene 1 42:25 Pura siccome un angelo 
• 44:17 Non sapette quale affetto 
• 46:43 Un di, quando le veneri 
• 49:32 Ah! Dite alla giovine
• 01:06:08 Di Provenza il mar, il suol 
• 01:11:44 Act 2 Scene 2
• 01:19:20 Alfredo! Voi!
• 01:29:58 Alfredo, Alfredo, di questo core 
• 01:34:19 Act 3
• 01:42:30 Teneste la promessa...Addio del passato
• 01:50:25 Parigi, o cara
• 01:59:45 Prendi, quest'e l'immagine 
• 02:04:28 Credits

 

🎼 ♪♫ 🗣♪♫ ♫ 🎹♪♫ ♪♫ ♫🎷 ♪🎻♪♫🎺 ♪♫ ♫ 🥁♪♫ ♪♫🎸 ♫ ♪

https://youtu.be/6WZJL2ICbZA

 

🎼 ♪♫ 🗣♪♫ ♫ 🎹♪♫ ♪♫ ♫🎷 ♪🎻♪♫🎺 ♪♫ ♫ 🥁♪♫ ♪♫🎸 ♫ ♪

Happy Passover 🍽️ Pesach – פֶּסַח

Passover is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the Israelites' liberation from slavery in ancient Egypt, as told in the Book of Exodus.
It is celebrated for seven or eight days, beginning on the 15th day of the Jewish month of Nisan, and is a time for reflection, remembrance, and renewal.
Passover, also called Pesach - Biblical Hebrew: חַג הַפֶּסַח‎, romanized: Ḥag hapPesaḥ, lit. 'Pilgrimage of the Passing Over'), is a major Jewish holiday and one of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals.

Symbolism:
The holiday is filled with symbolism, including the Seder meal, the removal of chametz (leavened bread), and the use of matzah (unleavened bread).

The Seder:
The central ritual of Passover is the Seder, a ceremonial dinner where families gather to recount the story of the Exodus.

פֶּסַחPesach

Freedom and Justice:
Passover is a time to reflect on the theme of freedom, not just the freedom from slavery in Egypt, but also the broader themes of freedom from oppression and injustice.

Spring Harvest Festival:
Passover also incorporates aspects of ancient spring harvest festivals.

Family and Community:
The holiday is a time for families and communities to gather, share meals, and learn about their history and traditions.

Passover Seder Dinner at the White House

 

Remembrance:
It is a time to remember the past, including the hardships faced by the Israelites in Egypt, and to appreciate the freedom and blessings of the presen