Nikola Tesla 🇷🇸 10 July 1856 ⚡ Jan.1943 🇭🇷

🇷🇸   Nikola Tesla  🇭🇷

10 July 1856       ⚡       7 January 1943

Nikola Tesla  was a Serbian-American engineer, futurist, and inventor who revolutionized electricity generation, transmission, and use. His work laid the foundation for modern electrical engineering and power generation. 

Tesla's most notable inventions include the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system and the Tesla coil, which is still used in radio technology. He also developed the Hydroelectric Power Plant at Niagara Falls and remote control.

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Born and raised in the Austrian Empire, Tesla first studied engineering and physics in the 1870s without receiving a degree. He then gained practical experience in the early 1880s working in telephony and at Continental Edison in the new electric power industry. In 1884 he immigrated to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen. He worked for a short time at the Edison Machine Works in New York City before he struck out on his own. With the help of partners to finance and market his ideas, Tesla set up laboratories and companies in New York to develop a range of electrical and mechanical devices. His AC induction motor and related polyphase AC patents, licensed by Westinghouse Electric in 1888, earned him a considerable amount of money and became the cornerstone of the polyphase system which that company eventually markeed.

Inventor of the Modern World

Documentary

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Attempting to develop inventions he could patent and market, Tesla conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wirelessly controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited. Tesla became well known as an inventor and demonstrated his achievements to celebrities and wealthy patrons at his lab, and was noted for his showmanship at public lectures. Throughout the 1890s, Tesla pursued his ideas for wireless lighting and worldwide wireless electric power distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs. In 1893, he made pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. Tesla tried to put these ideas to practical use in his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project, an intercontinental wireless communication and power transmitter, but ran out of funding before he could complete it.

After Wardenclyffe, Tesla experimented with a series of inventions in the 1910s and 1920s with varying degrees of success. Having spent most of his money, Tesla lived in a series of New York hotels, leaving behind unpaid bills. He died in New York City in January 1943. Tesla's work fell into relative obscurity following his death, until 1960, when the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the International System of Units (SI) measurement of magnetic flux density the tesla in his honor. There has been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla since the 1990s.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla

Nikola Tesla in his laboratory in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in December 1899. Tesla posed with his “magnifying transmitter,” which was capable of producing millions of volts of electricity. The discharge shown is 6.7 meters (22 feet) in length. 

Nikola Tesla's Missing Research Revealed
The Tesla Files (S1, E1)  Full Episode

Researcher Marc Seifer recruits Travis Taylor and investigative Jason Stapleton to help unravel the mystery of inventor Nikola Tesla's missing files, which were confiscated by the U.S. government, in Season 1, Episode 1, "Without a Trace."

👇  👇   ⚡ https://youtu.be/2M9AOzcHVz4?si=nJGMAx5JqnGeNPRD

 

Nikola Tesla (born July 9/10, 1856, Smiljan, Austrian Empire [now in Croatia]—died January 7, 1943, New York, New York, U.S.) was a Serbian American inventor and engineer who discovered and patented the rotating magnetic field, the basis of most alternating-current machinery. He also developed the three-phase system of electric power transmission. He immigrated to the United States in 1884 and sold the patent rights to his system of alternating-current dynamos, transformers, and motors to George Westinghouse. In 1891 he invented the Tesla coil, an induction coil widely used in radio technology.

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Tesla was from a family of Serbian origin. His father was an Orthodox priest; his mother was unschooled but highly intelligent. As he matured, he displayed remarkable imagination and creativity as well as a poetic touch.

Training for an engineering career, he attended the Technical University at Graz, Austria, and the University of Prague. At Graz he first saw the Gramme dynamo, which operated as a generator and, when reversed, became an electric motor, and he conceived a way to use alternating current to advantage. Later, at Budapest, he visualized the principle of the rotating magnetic field and developed plans for an induction motor that would become his first step toward the successful utilization of alternating current. In 1882 Tesla went to work in Paris for the Continental Edison Company, and, while on assignment to Strassburg in 1883, he constructed, after work hours, his first induction motor. Tesla sailed for America in 1884, arriving in New York with four cents in his pocket, a few of his own poems, and calculations for a flying machine. He first found employment with Thomas Edison, but the two inventors were far apart in background and methods, and their separation was inevitable.

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In May 1888 George Westinghouse, head of the Westinghouse Electric Company in Pittsburgh, bought the patent rights to Tesla’s polyphase system of alternating-current dynamos, transformers, and motors. The transaction precipitated a titanic power struggle between Edison’s direct-current systems and the Tesla-Westinghouse alternating-current approach, which eventually won out.

Tesla soon established his own laboratory, where his inventive mind could be given free rein. He experimented with shadowgraphs similar to those that later were to be used by Wilhelm Röntgen when he discovered X-rays in 1895. Tesla’s countless experiments included work on a carbon button lamp, on the power of electrical resonance, and on various types of lighting.

In order to allay fears of alternating currents, Tesla gave exhibitions in his laboratory in which he lit lamps by allowing electricity to flow through his body. He was often invited to lecture at home and abroad. The Tesla coil, which he invented in 1891, is widely used today in radio and television sets and other electronic equipment. That year also marked the date of Tesla’s U.S. citizenship. 

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Westinghouse used Tesla’s alternating current system to light the World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. 

With the World’s Columbian Exposition looming in Chicago, Westinghouse asked Tesla to help supply power; they’d have a huge platform for demonstrating the merits of AC. Tesla helped the fair illuminate more light bulbs than could be found in the entire city of Chicago, and wowed audiences with a variety of wonders, including an electric light that required no wires. Later Tesla also helped Westinghouse win a contract to generate electrical power at Niagara Falls, helping to build the first large-scale AC power plant in the world.

This success was a factor in their winning the contract to install the first power machinery at Niagara Falls, which bore Tesla’s name and patent numbers. The project carried power to Buffalo by 1896.

In 1898 Tesla announced his invention of a teleautomatic boat guided by remote control. When skepticism was voiced, Tesla proved his claims for it before a crowd in Madison Square Garden.

In Colorado Springs, Colorado, where he stayed from May 1899 until early 1900, Tesla made what he regarded as his most important discovery—terrestrial stationary waves. By this discovery he proved that Earth could be used as a conductor and made to resonate at a certain electrical frequency. He also lit 200 lamps without wires from a distance of 40 km (25 miles) and created man-made lightning, producing flashes measuring 41 metres (135 feet). At one time he was certain he had received signals from another planet in his Colorado laboratory, a claim that was met with derision in some scientific journals.

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Returning to New York in 1900, Tesla began construction on Long Island of a wireless world broadcasting tower, with $150,000 capital from the American financier J. Pierpont Morgan. Tesla claimed he secured the loan by assigning 51 percent of his patent rights of telephony and telegraphy to Morgan. He expected to provide worldwide communication and to furnish facilities for sending pictures, messages, weather warnings, and stock reports. The project was abandoned because of a financial panic, labour troubles, and Morgan’s withdrawal of support. It was Tesla’s greatest defeat.

Tesla’s work then shifted to turbines and other projects. Because of a lack of funds, his ideas remained in his notebooks, which are still examined by enthusiasts for unexploited clues. In 1915 he was severely disappointed when a report that he and Edison were to share the Nobel Prize proved erroneous. Tesla was the recipient of the Edison Medal in 1917, the highest honor that the American Institute of Electrical Engineers could bestow.

⚡ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nikola-Tesla

Reviewing Free Energy Generators. 
A Response to My Video "Nikola Tesla's Greatest Invention" How it Works."
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⚡ https://youtu.be/sbdU7AkH6QM?si=VzgtMqaLlD0TzYQf

The Tesla Files: 

Tesla's Infamous Abandoned Laboratory

*Marathon*

The team investigates Nikola Tesla's final residence, The New Yorker Hotel, and find incredible evidence that it served as much more than a home to the controversial inventor. See more in this marathon from The Tesla Files.

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⚡ https://youtu.be/NBp8DaeDGzA?si=D5jQTPVrVfXmBfEO

https://paulcpw.blogspot.com

 https://space-science-cosmos.tumblr.com/tagged/Tesla

       

July 🍉History and Holidays

🍉 History and Holidays 🌻

The seventh month of the Gregorian year is named in honor of Julius Caesar. In 63 B.C. Caesar had been elected Pontifex Maximus. The calendar was 355 days long and gradually through mishandling and corruption (pontiffs allowing the calendar to lengthen to please one priest, shortening it to anger another) January slipped into fall.

Quintilis 

July was originally named Quintilis after Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus, a Roman Emperor who died in 270 B.C.  While Caesar didn’t place the month of Quintilis (meaning fifth) in the strangely seventh place, he did decide to change from a lunisolar to a solar calendar. (Before the Roman calendar, there were only ten months, and Quintilis was the fifth month. When the Romans added new months, Quintilis and other months were adjusted.) The solar year would consist of 365 days, adding 10 to the total. The extra days were distributed among the months with 29 days.

 

Julius Caesar
A year after Caesar completed the calendar, he was assassinated on the Ides of March. In his honor, the Roman Senate named the seventh month July, the month of Caesar’s birth.
Thе new calendar went іntо effect оn the first dау оf Jаnuаrу 709 A.U.C. (ab urbе condita—”from the fоundіng оf thе сіtу [Rоmе]”) Jаnuаrу 1, 45 B.C. and put аn end tо thе arbitrary and іnассurаtе nаturе оf thе еаrlу Roman ѕуѕtеm. Thе Julіаn саlеndаr bесаmе thе predominant саlеndаr thrоughоut Europe for thе nеxt 1600 уеаrѕ untіl Pоре Gregory mаdе furthеr rеfоrmѕ іn 1582.
Certain соuntrіеѕ аnd institutions іn fасt аdhеrеd to this ancient ѕуѕtеm untіl wеll іntо thе twеntіеth сеnturу: thе Julіаn саlеndаr wаѕ uѕеd іn Russia untіl 1917 and іn Chіnа untіl 1949, аnd to thіѕ day the Eastern Orthodox сhurсh adheres tо Cаеѕаr’ѕ саlеndаr.

Weather & Seasons
July weather in the Northern Hemisphere begins heating up. The dog days of summer begin in July and carry through until August. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is the second month of winter. The July weather is an excellent time for completing home renovations and projects. This summer month is also perfect for eating ice cream. In fact, the entire month celebrates ice cream and there are seven, yes seven, ice cream-related holidays on the calendar to keep us cool.
In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the second month of winter. While July’s average temperatures make it the hottest month of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, July is also the coldest month on average in the Southern Hemisphere.
July’s full moon is called the Buck Moon because a male deer’s antlers grow the fastest and reach its annual growth potential in July.

What’s Your Sign?
If you’re born in July your sign is either Cancer or Leo. Cancer is the crab sign and Leo is the lion.
Your birth flowers are larkspur and waterlily. The larkspur represents the bonds of love. While larkspur doesn’t bloom until Fall, the waterlily blooms all summer long. However, like the rose, the larkspur’s colors also have special meaning.

• Pink = fickleness
• White = happiness
• Purple = first loved
• Blue = grace

The waterlily represents purity.
The primary birthstone of July is Ruby. This valuable gemstone. They are found prominently in Myanmar and Vietnam. These beautiful stones vary in shades from blood red to pinkish-red and signify wealth and prosperity.

Five Fast Facts
1. Several countries celebrate their independence in July including Canada, the United States, and France.
2. July has 31 days.
3. The Bikini debuted in July 1948.
4. Neil Armstrong put the first footprints on the moon in July of 1969.
5. Notable people born in July include: 

Ernest Hemingway Princess Diana Tom Cruise Arnold Swartzeneger Thurgood Marshall Medgar Evers Stephen Foster Percey Spencer Peggy Braithwait Tom Hanks Jane Lynch Ida B. Wells Nelson Mandela Janet Reno Robin Williams Emily Bronte John Quincy Adams Calvin Coolidge

• JULY NATIONAL DAYS
• JULY NATIONAL MONTHS
• JULY NATIONAL WEEKS
• JULY INTERNATIONAL DAYS

https://nationaldaycalendar.com/july-overview/

Firework 🧨Science 🎆

🧨 Firework  ✨ Science 🎇 

by Chris Woodford: February 6, 2016.

It's just as well fireworks were invented in ancient times, because such an outrageous invention surely wouldn't be allowed in our risk-averse society today. Just imagine if fireworks didn't exist and someone suddenly suggested the idea of allowing people to fire lots of explosives into the air! Fortunately, that's not the case and we can still enjoy the dazzling magic of these psychedelic aerial displays every time we feel like a joyous outdoor celebration. Fireworks teach us some interesting physics and chemistry, so let's take a closer look at what they are and how they work!

What are fireworks?

A firework is essentially a missile designed to explode in a very controlled way with bangs and bursts of brightly colored light. The word "firework" comes from the Greek word pyrotechnics, which means, very appropriately, "fire art" or "fire skill"; there's certainly no shortage of art and skill in modern firework displays!

How do fireworks work?

Fireworks can be quite complex and different types (rockets, Catherine wheels, and so on) work in different ways. Simply speaking, though, aerial fireworks (ones designed to fire up into the sky) have five main parts. Working up from the bottom to the top:

Simple illustration showing the five main parts of a typical firework.

Stick ("tail"): 

The first thing you notice is a long wooden or plastic stick protruding from the bottom that ensures the firework shoots in a straight line. That's important for two reasons. First, so that fireworks go where you intend to and don't fly in a random direction, causing fires, property damage, or injuries. Second, because it helps display organizers to position firework effects with accuracy and precision. Some fireworks now have hinged plastic sticks so they can be sold in smaller and more compact boxes.

Fuse: 

This is the part that starts the main part of the firework (the charge) burning and ignites other, smaller fuses that make the interesting, colorful parts of the firework (the effects) explode some time later. In a basic home firework, the main fuse consists of a piece of paper or fabric that you light with a match or cigarette lighter. In a complex public firework display, fuses are lit by electrical contacts known as wirebridge fuseheads. When the firework technician pushes a button, an electric current flows along a wire into the fusehead, making it burn briefly so it ignites the main fuse. Unlike manual ignition, electrical ignition can be done at a considerable distance, so it's much safer.

Charge ("motor"): 

The charge is a relatively crude explosive designed to blast a firework up into the sky, sometimes a distance of several hundred meters (1000ft or so) at a speed of up to several hundred km/miles per hour (as fast as a jet fighter)! It's usually made up of tightly packed, coarse explosive gunpowder (also known as black powder). Traditionally, gunpowder used in fireworks was made of 75 percent potassium nitrate (also called saltpeter) mixed with 15 percent charcoal and 10 percent sulfur; modern fireworks sometimes use other mixtures (such as sulfurless powder with extra potassium nitrate) or other chemicals instead. Note that the charge simply sends the firework high into the air and clear of any spectators; it doesn't make the spectacular explosions you can actually see.

Effect: 

This is the part of the firework that makes the amazing display once the firework is safely high in the air. A single firework will have either one effect or multiple effects, packed into separate compartments, firing off in sequence, ignited by a relatively slow-burning, time-delay fuse working its way upward and ignited by the main fuse. (The firework illustrated here has three effects.) Though essentially just explosives, the effects are quite different from the main charge. Each one is made up of more loosely packed, finer explosive material often fashioned into separate "stars," which make up the small, individual, colorful explosions from a larger firework. Depending on how each effect is made and packed, it can either create a single explosion of stars very quickly or shoot off a large number of mini fireworks in different directions, causing a series of smaller explosions in a breathtaking, predetermined sequence.

Head: 

This is the general name for the top part of the firework containing the effect or effects (collectively known as the payload—much like the load in a space rocket). Sometimes the head has a pointed "nose cone" to make the firework faster and more aerodynamic and improve the chance of it going in a straight line, though many fireworks simply have a blunt end.

Types of fireworks

Surprise and variety are the key to any good firework display: if all the fireworks were exactly the same, people would quickly get bored. Although all fireworks essentially work the same way—combining the power of a missile with the glory of burning metallic compounds—there are lots of different types. The ones we've talked about so far are called rockets or skyrockets and produce the most spectacular displays high in the air. Catherine wheels and pinwheels work closer to the ground. They have a number of small fireworks mounted around the edge of a wooden or cardboard disk and make it spin around as they fire off. Roman candles blow out a series of small fiery explosions from a cylinder every so often. Firecrackers are fireworks designed to produce sound rather than light and they're often incorporated into the upper effects of rockets.

We think of fireworks as entertainment, but the same technology has more practical uses. Flares used by military forces and at sea work in almost exactly the same way, though instead of using metallic compounds made from elements such as sodium, they use brighter and more visible compounds based on magnesium and they're designed to burn for much longer. Even in an age of satellite navigation and radar, most ships still carry flares like these as a backup method of signaling distress.

Find out more

http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howfireworkswork.html

Bikini National Day 👙 July 5th 🇺🇸 🎼 🇫🇷

National 👙 Bikini Day

🇫🇷    July 5   🇺🇸

👇  ♫  VIDEOS  ♫  👇

Brian Hyland + Dalida + Richard Anthony

 Yellow Polka Dot Bikini   👙  Itsi Bitsi Petit Bikini

Since July 5, 1946, women have been hitting the beaches and poolsides in bikinis. National Bikini Day marks the anniversary of the invention of the revealing two-piece bathing suit.

Named after the Bikini Atoll, where the United States conducted atomic tests, the two-piece bathing suit made its debut in Paris.

French designer Louis Réard wanted to name revealing bits of fabric “atom.”

By World War II, sunbathers cast aside the chaste one-piece bathing costumes for simple two-piece bathing suits. However, nothing prepared the United States for the revealing bikini when it hit the beaches on July 5, 1946. The skimpy strips of fabric were seen as less than a women’s unmentionables. 

While Europe enthusiastically donned the bikini after a long and arduous world war, American’s sense of decency kept them from accepting the bikini until the 1960s.

Today, the bikini comes in all shapes, sizes, colors, and fabrics. Designers expanded the style to flatter more body shapes, enticing more women to wear the fashion. Throughout the summer, the beaches and pools call for swimwear. If you’re considering the bikini, perhaps the celebration is the day to pick one that fits your style.

 

NATIONAL BIKINI DAY HISTORY

While we were unable to identify the founder of National Bikini Day, we did determine the date for the day commemorates the anniversary of the bikini bathing suit. Louis Réard, designer, presented the smallest bathing suit the world had seen calling it the bikini. The designer hoped his fashion statement would be explosive, much like the atomic tests on the Bikini Atoll. Réard sparked a firestorm of controversy with his itty bitty bikini, too. Many countries banned the two-piece bathing suit for several decades.

There are over 1,500 national days. Don’t miss a single one. Celebrate Every Day® with National Day Calendar®

                    

👙 National Bikini Day 👙

A History of the Swimsuit
National Bikini Day marks the anniversary of the invention of the two-piece bathing suit.

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https://nationaldaycalendar.com/national-bikini-day-july-5

"Roman girls in bikinis"

A Roman mosaic from the 4th century AD. in the room of "Ten Young Girls" depicts young women doing various sports exercises or receiving prizes.
From the large Villa del Casale to Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. 

This 4th-century Roman mosaic from the Villa Romana del Casale in Sicily depicts women exercising in two-piece garments that resemble modern bikinis. 
The scene is located in the "Room of the Ten Dancing Girls" and portrays athletic competition, with women lifting weights and throwing balls. 

The figures are shown receiving prizes, such as a palm frond and a victor's wreath, indicating a celebration of female athleticism. 
https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/roman-bikinis.html

  HOW TO OBSERVE 👙 National Bikini Day

Wear your bikini or go shopping for a new one. Go to the local pool or beach for a swim. While you’re sunbathing, learn about the changing fashions of swimwear through the ages. Share your favorite styles and looks using #NationalBikiniDay on social media.

Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie

 Yellow Polka Dot Bikini
Brian Hyland (Lyrics)

Brian Hyland is an American pop recording artist who was particularly successful during the early 1960s and continued recording into the 1970s. Allmusic journalist Jason Ankeny states, "Hyland's puppy-love pop virtually defined the sound and sensibility of bubblegum during the pre-Beatles era." Although his status as a teen idol faded, he went on to release several country-influenced albums and had additional chart hits later in his career.
In August 1960, Hyland scored his first and biggest hit single at the age of 16, "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini", written by Vance and Pockriss. It was a novelty song that reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, (#8 in the UK) and sold almost a million copies in the first two months of its release, and over two million copies in total.
Composer  Lyricist: Paul Vance
Composer  Lyricist: Lee Pockriss

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👙 https://youtu.be/Irr5xVyPDEg

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Dalida

Itsi Bitsi Petit Bikini 

Du Film: Parlez-Moi d'Amour  (Remasterizado em HD)
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👙 https://youtu.be/Yc8n9D_K_bU

 Dalida

Itsi Bitsi Petit Bikini
Paroles (Lyrics)
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👙 https://youtu.be/jFqfJJ3ExrY

Itsi Bitsi Petit Bikini
Richard Anthony
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👙 https://youtu.be/eivMiPq5ZLI