National Indigenous Peoples Day
June 21
Indigenous Peoples' Day is a holiday that celebrates the Indigenous peoples of America - the Pre-Columbian peoples of North, Central and South America and their descendants.
It is celebrated across the United States, and is an official city and state holiday in various localities around the country. It began as a counter-celebration held on the same day as the U.S. federal holiday of Columbus Day, which honors European explorer Christopher Columbus. Indigenous Peoples' Day is intended to celebrate Native Americans and commemorate their shared history and culture.
It is celebrated across the United States, and is an official city and state holiday in various localities around the country. It began as a counter-celebration held on the same day as the U.S. federal holiday of Columbus Day, which honors European explorer Christopher Columbus. Indigenous Peoples' Day is intended to celebrate Native Americans and commemorate their shared history and culture.
The holiday was first instituted in Berkeley, California in 1992, coinciding with the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492. It later spread to Santa Cruz, California
in 1994, and then to various other cities and states beginning in the
mid-to-late 2010s. Indigenous Peoples' Day is held on the second Monday
of October, coinciding with the designated date for the federal
observance of Columbus Day.
It is similar to Native American Day,
observed in September in California and Tennessee, and the same day as
Indigenous Peoples' Day in South Dakota. Some critics have criticized
such celebrations as a kind of political correctness.
History
In 1977, the International Conference on Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations in the Americas, sponsored by the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, began to discuss replacing Columbus Day in the United States with a celebration to be known as Indigenous Peoples Day. Similarly, Native American groups staged actions in Boston, Massachusetts instead of Thanksgiving,
which has been celebrated there to mark collaboration between English
colonists and Native Americans in the first years. In July 1990, at the
First Continental Conference on 500 Years of Indian Resistance in Quito,
Ecuador, representatives of Indian groups throughout the Americas
agreed that they would mark 1992, the 500th anniversary of the first of
the voyages of Christopher Columbus, as a year to promote "continental unity" and "liberation."
After the conference, attendees from Northern California organized to plan protests against the "Quincentennial Jubilee" that had been organized by the United States Congress for the San Francisco Bay Area on Columbus Day 1992. It was to include replicas of Columbus' ships sailing under the Golden Gate Bridge
and reenacting their "discovery" of America. The delegates formed the
Bay Area Indian Alliance and in turn, the "Resistance 500" task force.
It promoted the idea that Columbus' "discovery" of an inhabited lands
and subsequent European colonization of these areas had resulted in the genocide of indigenous peoples by decisions of colonial and national governments.
In 1992, the group convinced the city council of Berkeley,
California, to declare October 12 as a "Day of Solidarity with
Indigenous People", and 1992 the "Year of Indigenous People". The city
implemented related programs in schools, libraries, and museums. The
city symbolically renamed Columbus Day as "Indigenous Peoples' Day"
beginning in 1992 to protest the historical conquest of North America by Europeans, and to call attention to the losses suffered by the Native American peoples and their cultures[9] through diseases, warfare, massacres, and forced assimilation. Get Lost (Again) Columbus, an opera by a Native American composer, was produced that day. Berkeley has celebrated Indigenous Peoples' Day ever since. Beginning in 1993, Berkeley has also held an annual pow wow and festival on Indigenous Peoples' Day.
In the years following Berkeley's action, other local governments
and institutions have either renamed or canceled Columbus Day, either
to celebrate Native American history and cultures, to avoid celebrating
Columbus and the European colonization of the Americas, or due to raised
controversy over the legacy of Columbus. Several other California cities, including Richmond, Santa Cruz, and Sebastopol,
now celebrate Indigenous Peoples' Day and on this day all people are
encouraged to donate to a neighboring tribe and recognize the trauma and
pain indigenous peoples have been subjected to by colonizers.
At least four states do not celebrate Columbus Day (Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, and South Dakota); South Dakota officially celebrates Native American Day instead. Various tribal governments in Oklahoma designate the day as "Native American Day", or have renamed the day after their own tribes.
In 2013, the California state legislature considered a bill, AB55, to
formally replace Columbus Day with Native American Day but did not pass
it. On August 30, 2017, following similar affirmative votes in Oberlin, Ohio, followed later by Bangor, Maine in the earlier weeks of the same month, the Los Angeles City Council voted in favor of replacing Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples Day.
Native American Day is a holiday in the U.S. states of California and Nevada celebrated annually on the fourth Friday of September, as well as in South Dakota on the second Monday in October in lieu of Columbus Day.
It honors Native American cultures and contributions to their respective states and the United States. The state of Tennessee observes a similar American Indian Day each year on the fourth Monday of September.
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Indigenous Peoples' Day may refer to:
- International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, a United Nations event recognized as a public holiday in various countries observed annually on 9 August
- Indigenous Peoples' Day (United States), a day recognizing Indigenous Peoples in the United States, observed annually on the second Monday in October
- National Indigenous Peoples Day, a day recognizing First Nations in Canada, observed annually on 21 June
- Indigenous Peoples Day (Brazil), annual celebration honoring the indigenous peoples of Brazil, observed annually on April 19
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